The Secret Castle Walk

On Sunday the 19th April I am leading a walk in the Waveney Valley to visit the almost unknown motte and bailey castle at Darrow Wood. The walk is around 7 miles long and starts at Homersfield Bridge Picnic Site (just off the A143) at 10am. The walk is free and if you want any more information please give me a call on 01379 788008.

The castle is owned by the National Trust and was probably built soon after the Norman Conquest in the 11th Century. The wooden castle was soon abandoned in favour of a stone castle at Buckenham and the earthworks slowly disappeared under scrub and woodland. The castle was only re-discovered in the middle of the 19th Century when the trees were cleared. Nowadays the tree covered motte and bailey is surrounded by a water-filled moat. The woodland has a good colony of Early Purple Orchids that should be coming into flower.

This is an exciting time of year with migrant birds arriving from Africa and early butterflies feeding on newly opened flowers. On Saturday I saw my first Swallow, followed by Willow Warblers and Blackcaps the next day. Cuckoos should be arriving in the next few days.

Black Poplars

The rarest tree in the Valley is the Black Poplar and there are only a few of these magnificent trees left, and they are old with a limited lifespan. Black Poplars grow in hedgerows and on a few of our commons. The nearest ones to my office are at Thornham Parva where these two specimens grow along a green lane opposite the church.

Black Poplars are very distinctive. The bark is gnarled and covered in burrs (the black in their name refers to the bark).

The twigs are also a good identification feature - they curve downwards and have a flicked-up tip.

The reason why there are so few trees left is that they are no longer producing viable seed. There are separate male and female trees and these are now so far apart that the seed never gets fertilised. We are trying to get a new generation going by growing young trees at our nursery in Thrandeston.

Each year we supply about 50 saplings to landowners with suitable land along the Valley so that these wonderful trees can remain part of the landscape.

One bit of sad news during the week was finding a dead otter at the entrance to Thornham Walks. It was probably killed by a car. The Enviroment Agency has taken the body to Cardiff University where a post mortem will be carried out.

More soon.

Working with Local Communities

We work closely with many communities along the Waveney Valley. It is probably best if I set out a few examples to show the range of schemes we get involved with.

This winter we have been working with Palgrave Parish Council and Mid Suffolk District Council to restore the large pond on Palgrave Village Green. Over the years it had become hidden by bushes and young trees that had grown up on its banks. We arranged for a contractor to come in and coppice the growth so that light now gets to the pond and it is again a focal point in the village. The trees and bushes will now be maintained by coppicing every few years.

We have helped several communities develop circular walks and cycling routes around their parishes. Examples include Diss, Harleston and Wortham & Burgate. We have helped waymark the routes and produce walks leaflets for the parishes. At Wortham & Burgate we have also produced walks information boards.

Our volunteers have also helped manage churchyards for wildlife, for example at Scole and Thorpe Abbotts. And we have opened up neglected areas in parishes for the benefit of local people and wildlife. Here are some of our volunteers mowing and raking Scole Bridge picnic site.

If your community is interested in working with us on an environmental scheme please give me, Mark Timms a call on 01379 788008.

Warm weather over the weekend has tempted several butterflies out. I saw my first Comma and Brimstone butterflies on Sunday and heard my first Chiffchaff singing on Saturday.

Woodlands Spring to Life

March is the time of year when woodlands burst into life after closing down for the winter. Things are a bit slow this year after the long, cold winter with Snowdrops still in flower.

However the first Primroses are out and in the next week or two Wood Anemones will appear in some of our woods but only those that have been around for hundreds of years (ancient woods).

Far commoner is the Lesser Celandine - a member of the buttercup family - that is already coming into flower.

A less obvious plant is the Dog's Mercury with green flowers but it is found in many of our woods round here.

A few warm days this week have tempted out the first butterflies and bumblebees. A Small Tortoiseshell butterfly was flying around on Monday.

And in another few days our migrant birds will be returning from Africa: listen for the first Chiffchaffs.

Volunteers

We had a very successful children's activity here at Thornham Walks yesterday. Around 35 children built bat boxes from kits to take home and put up in the garden. We also provided a fact sheet on the best place to site a box and how to encourage bats into your garden, (plant night-scented flowers such as Evening Primrose to attract moths if you are interested).

We have two volunteer teams meeting on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. We are looking to boost numbers on our Wednesday team so if you are interested please get in touch. The work is very varied. In the winter months we may be planting new hedges:

During the summer we manage a variety of wildlife sites such as wildflower meadows and churchyards:

Or it could be creating or managing wildlife ponds:

If you are interested in joining the Wednesday team please give my colleague Tim Page a call on 01379 788008. He will be able to give you a lot more information on future tasks and would be delighted to hear from you.

Birds seem to be singing everywhere now that we have some milder weather. At Thornham the Great Spotted Woodpeckers are busy drumming away and Nuthatches are singing from the tops of oak trees.

Homes for Bats

I have been away for a week in the snowy Peak District. After the snows we have floods with water flowing everywhere today. Despite the coldest winter for many years there are signs of life. Snowdrops are looking at their best at the moment and should last for another couple of weeks if the cold weather sticks around.

Hazel bushes are beginning to flower, especially those in sheltered south-facing spots. The yellow catkins are lengthening and releasing their pollen. If you look closely on the twigs you will see the tiny red female flowers ready to receive the pollen and grow on as hazel nuts.

Next week is half-term and we are holding our first children's activity of the year with Thornham staff. The bat-box building activity will be held here at Thornham Walks on Monday 16th February at 2pm. It is aimed at 5 to 11 year olds and the cost is £3 a child with accompanying adults free. We will be building bat boxes from kits and the boxes can either be put up at Thornham or taken home for an additional £3. Please call me on 01379 788008 for more information.

We have lots of bats around here including these Long-eared Bats:

Waveney Willows

The willow trees growing on the banks of the River Waveney are a very attractive feature. In 1996 we surveyed all the bankside trees from the source of the Waveney at Redgrave down to Bungay.


We found many old willows that were collapsing and dying because they were top heavy like this one:

It is possible to prolong the life of willows and other trees by pollarding them. We do this by cutting the tree about 10 feet above the ground and allowing it to grow back. Cutting at this height means that cattle cannot nibble the new growth and kill the tree. Once a pollard is formed it can be cut again every 10 to 15 years so that it never becomes top-heavy. Pollarding continually rejuvenates the tree so it will live for much longer. Here is a pollard with a years' growth:

Our 1996 survey discovered over 250 pollards along the Upper Waveney. Several had not been pollarded for a long time and needed swift management if they were to survive. We re-pollarded the most urgent cases with funding from the Environment Agency, Here are two old but healthy willow pollards:

This year we are carrying out another survey to see how the willows are faring. Old willow pollards are important habitats for our wildlife. The trunks are usually hollow so they make good nesting places for Barn Owls - and Egyptian Geese that are spreading along the Valley. They also make good summer roosting sites for bats.